The project management frameworks and methodologies are standard ways of planning, executing, and controlling projects. They develop guidelines, processes, and best practices for successful projects concerning resources, objectives, and workflows.
Further examples and explanations of some popular frameworks and methodologies are outlined here under.
1. Waterfall Methodology
Waterfall methodology is essentially a sequential-linear design of project management; it actually goes through separate stages, such as requirements, design, development, testing and deployment phases. No phase is skipped, as each will have to be completely referenced before moving to the next. Change is also considered tabu once a phase is completed.
Example:
This is the way the construction process starts in a Waterfall by gathering requirements, i.e. identifying what the client’s requirement is. The next phase demands the making of architectural plans and blueprints as completed in the design stage. Then comes the construction phase where structures will be built according to approved designs. The final stage in the project is when the last touches are made and the project closes with ensuring that everything tested and handed over is fit for purpose.
2. Agile Methodology
Agile is described as an iterative development process where change is inevitable but may be very flexible and in collaboration of people and units. More so, it focuses on value delivery happening early and quite often, whilst a project is in midst of any changing circumstances. Some of the popular frameworks included under Agile are: Scrum, Kanban, Lean, and Extreme Programming (XP).
Example:
For example, in software development, Agile Scrum is to be adopted for project execution. Team members carry on work in short iterations of approximately 2 to 4 weeks, referred to as ————-
3. The Scrumbling Framework
– Scrum is among the Agile frameworks that encourage teams to organize themselves and promote iterative development. The work is divided into sprints during which small workable parts of the product are contributed. The Scrum roles include Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Teams, while the ceremonies consist of sprint planning, daily stand-ups, sprint reviews, and retrospectives.
Example:
Marketing deliverables may run as processes through Scrum. An ad creation or email campaign, for example, can involve execution within a sprint, with daily huddles of team members on the progress at the front end and feedback at the end of a sprint for revising future iterations.
4. Kanban Technique:
Kanban is a visible set for managing optimizing workflow and limiting WIP (work in progress). In a Kanban board, each task is defined in columns that define different areas of a workflow.
Example:
The most applicable example for implementing Kanban is in IT support teams in the management of support tickets. A kanban board could have columns such as “To Do,” “In Progress,” and “Done”; thus, one will have clever knowledge of the status of a given ticket into it and it ensures that it doesn’t go beyond its receipts.
5. Lean Model
It is all about waste reduction, making time more productive, and giving value to production. It is all about creating improvement continuously through all those activities that do not add value and eliminating them along the method.
Example:
In a typical Lean manufacturing project, control is concerned about trying to eliminate excess in stock on-hand, defects, and surplus movements. JIT production and streamlined processes can really increase efficiencies at reduced cost.
6. Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a data-focused approach on measurement and defect reduction, improvement of process variability while enhancing and refining data techniques using DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework.
Example:
It may be applied in a healthcare program to ensure that the patients enjoy satisfaction. The team will then determine the satisfaction metric, measure how well that metric is being met currently, analyze the sources of dissatisfaction from above, institute solutions, control to improve.
7. PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge)
PMBOK became the blueprint for project management all over the world by the Project Management Institute (PMI). It organizes processes into five categories: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing¿, which amounts to ten knowledge areas including Scope, Time, Cost, and Risk Management.
Example:
The construction project will begin using PMBOK guidelines initiation with identification of objectives in the first place and defining stakeholders. Further on the stage planning, detailed schedules, budgets, and risk management are developed. Execution would carry out the construction, and monitoring ensures that comes with the cost of managing risks and controlling changes. The project then ends with a documentation phase where the deliverable is given over to an ‘end-user’ during closing.
8. PRINCE2 (Projects in Controlled environments)
PRINCE2 is the well-structured standard methodology being used very widely in the United Kingdom and all over the world for well-defined stages, defined roles and responsibilities and for effective governance making it scalable for both simple and complex projects.
Example:
This may be a government project to implement a new system of public transport that may use PRINCE2 with a number of stages such as initiation, planning, design, implementation, then closure, all having a clearly defined deliverable associated with that stage.
